Essential Spirometry for COPD in India After 45
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is becoming a pressing health concern in India, affecting an estimated 15 million individuals. This condition, characterized by restricted airflow, is often underdiagnosed, leading many to seek medical help only when their symptoms have worsened significantly. The disease not only impacts lung function but also severely diminishes the quality of life for patients, especially in its advanced stages.
Many patients with COPD also suffer from co-existing conditions such as diabetes and heart disease. These comorbidities can complicate the management of COPD, affecting its severity and leading to worse health outcomes. Dr. Divya Shree J, a Consultant in Respiratory Medicine, emphasizes that COPD should be routinely screened for, similar to heart diseases and diabetes. Early detection can significantly improve treatment outcomes and slow disease progression, reducing the risk of severe complications.
A simple yet effective diagnostic tool for COPD is spirometry, a pulmonary function test that measures how much air one can inhale and exhale, and how fast. Alongside spirometry, chest X-rays and CT scans can also help in monitoring lung health and treatment effectiveness. Unfortunately, unlike heart disease and diabetes, there are currently no standardized guidelines recommending routine COPD screening for asymptomatic individuals. This gap often leads to late diagnoses, making timely intervention less effective.
Moreover, symptoms like chronic cough and shortness of breath are often mistaken for normal aging or attributed to lifestyle factors, delaying diagnosis. COPD frequently overlaps with heart disease and diabetes, sharing similar risk factors and morbidity rates. Unrecognized COPD can exacerbate these conditions, leading to more severe health complications that require long-term care.
Research indicates that early diagnosis and management are vital in reducing hospital visits and overall healthcare costs. It mirrors the preventive success seen with early detection of heart issues and diabetes. Individuals at risk—such as smokers, passive smokers, and those exposed to biomass fuel—should ideally start screening for COPD at age 45. Following healthcare professionals' advice can lead to effective management if the disease is confirmed.
Managing COPD often begins with lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and may include medications like inhaled bronchodilators to alleviate symptoms. In severe cases, pulmonary rehabilitation may be necessary to enhance lung function and prevent progression. Increasing awareness about COPD and its implications can significantly improve the quality of life for millions in India.
