Understanding Uric Acid: Causes and Management

Uric acid is a significant health concern, especially in India, where dietary habits and lifestyle choices can significantly influence its levels. This compound, a byproduct of purine metabolism, can lead to serious conditions like gout and kidney stones if its concentration in the blood rises above normal limits. Dr. Sahil Garg, a Consultant Nephrologist at Ujala Cygnus Group of Hospitals, provides valuable insights into this issue.

Dr. Garg explains that hyperuricemia occurs when uric acid levels exceed 7 mg/dL in men and 6 mg/dL in women. Often, individuals may not experience immediate symptoms, but unchecked high levels can result in severe complications. Gout, characterized by painful joint inflammation, is one of the most common outcomes, along with the risk of kidney stones and cardiovascular diseases.

Several everyday factors contribute to rising uric acid levels. A diet rich in purines, found in red meat, organ meats, shellfish, and certain alcoholic beverages like beer, can significantly increase uric acid production. In India, where traditional diets often include such foods, awareness is crucial.

The kidneys play a vital role in eliminating uric acid from the body. Dr. Garg notes that about 90% of individuals with gout are under-excretors, meaning their kidneys fail to eliminate uric acid effectively. Conditions such as obesity, diabetes, and hypertension can exacerbate this issue by increasing uric acid production while reducing its elimination.

Moreover, certain medications, particularly diuretics and low-dose aspirin, can contribute to elevated uric acid levels. In India, where self-medication is common, it is essential for individuals to consult healthcare professionals before starting any treatment.

Dehydration is another critical factor. Many people do not consume enough water, making it difficult for the kidneys to flush out uric acid. Dr. Garg emphasizes the importance of hydration, particularly in hot climates, where fluid loss can be significant.

Genetics also play a role in uric acid levels. Some individuals may have inherited traits that lead to higher uric acid retention or reduced excretion. This genetic predisposition can increase the risk of conditions like early-onset gout.

While high uric acid levels may initially be asymptomatic, they can lead to serious health issues over time. Dr. Garg warns that urate crystals can deposit in joints and kidneys, causing pain and complications. To prevent these issues, managing diet, staying hydrated, maintaining a healthy weight, and monitoring kidney function are essential steps everyone should consider.

In conclusion, understanding the causes of elevated uric acid and taking proactive steps can help individuals maintain better health and prevent complications associated with high uric acid levels.